椎間盤突出 Disc Bulge
中文（廣東話）

椎間盤突出係指椎間盤入面柔軟嘅髓核，經外層纖維環嘅裂縫向外膨出，刺激或壓住附近神經根，出現痛楚、麻木或者無力。多數發生喺腰椎（下背）或者頸椎（頸部）。

常見原因
– 年齡相關嘅椎間盤退化
– 彎腰、扭腰去搬重物
– 跌倒、交通意外等創傷
– 長期久坐、寒背、低頭用電話／電腦
– 先天椎間盤結構較弱或家族史

症狀
– 下背痛，沿住臀部、小腿向下伸延（坐骨神經痛）
– 若影響頸椎：頸痛放射到肩膀、手臂甚至手指
– 麻木、刺痛、腳軟或手腳無力
– 咳嗽、打噴嚏、久坐時痛楚加劇
– 活動受限、保護性肌肉痙攣

物理治療重點

急性期：消炎、止痛、放鬆
• 儀器治療（干擾波、超聲波等）減輕發炎同痛楚。
• 溫和手法治療放鬆緊繃肌肉，減少神經壓力，避免粗暴扭頸「爆骨」。

慢性期／恢復期：重建穩定、預防復發
• 需要時可用衝擊波等技術處理長期緊張組織，促進修復。
• 一對一訓練核心、臀肌同姿勢控制，配合關節鬆動，令脊椎受力更平均，減少反覆發作。

A disc bulge happens when the soft centre of the disc pushes through a tear in the outer ring and presses on nearby nerve roots. It most commonly occurs in the lumbar spine (low back) or cervical spine (neck).

Common causes
– Age-related disc degeneration
– Poor technique when lifting (bending + twisting)
– Trauma such as falls or car accidents
– Prolonged sitting and poor posture (slouching, looking down at screens)
– Genetic or structural predisposition

Symptoms
– Low back pain that may radiate into the buttock and leg (sciatica)
– For cervical discs: neck pain radiating into the shoulder, arm, or fingers
– Numbness, tingling, or weakness in the affected limb
– Pain worse with coughing, sneezing, or long periods of sitting
– Reduced movement and protective muscle spasm

Physiotherapy focus

Acute phase – reduce pain and irritation
• Electrotherapy and ultrasound to calm pain and inflammation.
• Gentle manual therapy to relax tight muscles and reduce nerve pressure, avoiding aggressive manipulation.

Recovery / chronic phase – restore function and prevent recurrence
• When needed, shockwave or other techniques to treat stubborn soft-tissue tension.
• One-to-one core, hip, and posture training plus joint mobilisation to improve spinal stability and loading, lowering the chance of flare-ups.